Update 10-29-2017 Well, about nine of these finally laid eggs, and four of them got their first workers about a week ago. The largest colony has three workers, and I moved it into a small starter formicarium.
I decided to see if I could get some of the others to lay some eggs by boosting them with a worker each, so I gave three of them each one
Camponotus fragilis pupa. I know these are both from two different subgenera, so the chance of this working out is probably pretty small. The next day I checked on them, and there were no pupae to be found anywhere. I've always been a little confused about ants not being able to eat anything but liquids, because I've seen stuff like this happen before. All three pupae are completely gone without a trace of anything left behind. Did the queens really consume the entire pupae, cocoon and all? I'm thinking of putting another one in there and getting some time-lapse video of it.