Test tube setups hold water in by way of pressure differences between the water chamber and the outside air pressure sealed off by the wet cotton ball. Air has to get in, raising the pressure inside the tube in order for water to get out. If air somehow gets in, the outside pressure can no longer hold the water in, and it leaks out until the pressure inside the tube drops below the pressure outside the tube once again, stopping the leak. I have never been able to figure out exactly what sometimes allows the air to continuously make its way in and allow the water to leak out, causing a flood.
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